Asian Pain Academy

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and remains a major challenge for clinicians. While conventional imaging often focuses on discs, facet joints, and neural compression, growing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) plays a critical role in persistent spinal pain and instability. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality for evaluating multifidus morpholo

Core Concept - Role of Glial Cells in Chronic Pain Chronic pain is no longer viewed as purely a neuronal phenomenon. Current neuroscience firmly establishes that glial cells — once dismissed as passive support cells — are active orchestrators of pain chronification, neuroinflammation, and central sensitisation. Understanding glial biology is essential to every modern clinician practising pain medicine. Introduction: Why Pain Medicine Needed a New Paradigm For decades, pain wa

Chronic pain has traditionally been classified into two major categories: nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain. While this framework has guided clinicians for decades, a significant number of patients continue to experience persistent pain that does not fit neatly into either category. These individuals often have widespread pain, fatigue, sensory hypersensitivity, sleep disturbances, and emotional distress despite minimal tissue injury or clear nerve damage. To address this

Compiled from Peer-Reviewed Medical Literature by Asian Pain Academy Abstract Hyoid Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a poorly recognized but clinically significant cause of chronic anterolateral neck pain, throat discomfort, and referred orofacial pain. First described by Brown in 1954, the syndrome arises from degenerative and inflammatory changes at the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, particularly at the insertion of the stylohyoid ligament and the middle pharyngeal constrictor mu